Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States

Health

See also: Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States

The Texas Medical Center in Houston, the world's largest medical center^[212]

The United States life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth ranks it 50th among 221 nations.^[213] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.^[214] Obesity rates in the United States are among thehighest in the world.^[215] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;^[216] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.^[217] Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.^[218] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries.^[219]

The US is a global leader in medical innovation. America solely developed or contributed significantly to 9 of the top 10 most important medical innovations since 1975 as ranked by a 2001 poll of physicians, while the EU and Switzerland together contributed to five. Since 1966 Americans have received more Nobel Prizes in Medicinethan the rest of the world combined. From 1989 to 2002 four times more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in America than in Europe.^[220][221]

The U.S. health care system far outspends any other nation's, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.^[222]Health care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts, and is not universal as in all other developed countries. In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.^[223]

In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.^[224] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.^[225][226] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.^[227]Federal legislation passed in early 2010 would ostensibly create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014, though the bill and its ultimate impact are issues of controversy.^[228][229]